Asymptotic consequences of neglected dynamics in individual effects models*

Abstract
We assess the asymptotic consequences of estimating static models based on cross‐section or panel data, when in reality the data are generated by a dynamic relationship, involving lagged dependent and current and lagged exogenous variables as well as individual effects. If the exogenous variable follows a stationary process, then the static estimators usually underestimate its long‐run effect. This inconsistency is less severe, the higher the autocorrelation of the exogenous variable. If the exogenous variable follows a random walk with or without individual‐specific drift, then the estimators are found to be consistent for the long‐run effect.

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