Effects of chloracetophenone and di- iso propyl fluorophosphonate on amphibian eggs

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Abstract
Chloracetophenone, a specific and powerful[long dash]SH reactant and an irreversible inhibitor of[long dash]SH enzymes, is highly toxic to frog and newt eggs and to frog tadpoles. The toxic action on tadpoles cannot be reversed by subsequent treatment with cysteine, but can be nullified by simultaneous presence of cysteine. Frog and newt eggs exposed to minute concns. of chloracetophenone comparable with those required for inhibition of[long dash]SH enzymes in vitro exhibit abnormalities in development that have been called the "blocked[long dash]SH syndrome". Some items of the syndrome are: (a) development, in the frog, of heteroploid pigmented ectodermal and epidermal cells, the unpigmented cells being unaffected, and, in the newt, of giant nuclei, presumed to be heteroploid: (b) cleavage of animal pole while vegetal pole is inhibited; (c) a developmental arrest at gastrulation under various dosage conditions. The effects are not due to a hydrolysis product or an altered pH in the soln. Cilia continue to beat in cells damaged by CAP.