Salmonella typhimurium HfrA, a mutant in which adenosine triphosphate can drive amino acid transport but not energy-dependent nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenation

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Abstract
In contrast with wild-type Salmonella typhimurium LT2, strain HfrA did not have ATP-driven energy-dependent transhydrogenase activity, although ATP-dependent quenching of atebrin fluorescence was normal. Respiration-dependent and energy-independent transhydrogenase, and Ca2+-activated ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) activities were similar in both strains. Purified ATPases from the two strains had similar specific activities, similar subunit polypeptides, and were equally effective in restoring energy-dependent transhydrogenase activities to membrane particles of strain LT2 from which the ATPase had been stripped. The purified ATPases from both strains could restore respiration-dependent but not ATP-dependent transhydrogenation to stripped particles of strain HfrA. Both strains grew aerobically equally well on salts media containing glucose, malate, succinate, citrate, acetate, pyruvate, fumarate, lactate or aspartate as substrates. Growth on glucose under anaerobic conditions was similar. Strains LT2 and HfrA were equally effective in the accumulation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions of the amino acids proline, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine and aspartic acid. Inhibition of amino acid accumulation by KCN and dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide occurred to the same extent in both strains. The complete inhibition by dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide of amino acid uptake under anaerobic conditions suggested that ATP could drive amino acid uptake in both strains. The ability of strain HfrA to carry out ATP-dependent transport or quenching of atebrin fluorescence but not ATP-dependent transhydrogenation is different from the wild-type strain and from any previously described energy-coupling mutant. It is difficult to reconcile the properties of this mutant with the chemiosmotic hypothesis.

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