CHEMICAL BASIS OF MIDDLE DISTILLATE FUEL INSTABILITY: Interactive Effects of Selected Nitrogen Heterocycles with Organic Bases in a Shale-Derived Diesel Fuel.

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Abstract
Fuel instability reactions are defined in terms of the formation of deleterious products such as filterable sediments and peroxides. Gravimetric stability tests have been carried out at 80°C using two model nitrogen heterocycles: 2,5-dimethy1pyrrole, DMP, and 3-methylindole, 3-MI, in an otherwise stable shale derived middle distillate fuel. Potential interactive effects for these model nitrogen heterocycles have been described by the presence of organic base co-dopants. Organic bases employed included: tri-n-butylamine, N, N-dimethyl-aniline, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Simple organic amines exerted only minor interactive effects, usually an increase in filterable sediment in the range of 5–15%. However, the diamine species, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, interacted in a strong positive fashion to generate increased amounts, 22–44%, of sediment.