CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY IN THE SPONGE, CALLYSPONGIA DIFFUSA

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Abstract
Very extensive histocompatibility (H) molecule polymorphism in the sponge C. diffusa was revealed by the incompatibility found among 480 different allogeneic pairings without exception. This represents some 960 individual clones utilized as alloparabionts or fitted allograft sources. Consistent cytotoxic reactivity provoked by allogeneic cell surface contact in Callyspongia is manifest in a continuum of strong to weak histoincompatibilities; strong reactions are most frequent at normal temperatures of 23-27.degree. C. The directionality, vigor and timing of alloparabiotic rejection in this species all depend mainly on the interacting clone genetic constitutions. Replicate interclonal combinations yield essentially identical rejection reactions, and differences in graft dosage had no effect on either the direction or intensity of allocytotoxicity. Alloreaction times are inversely proportional to the strength of the H barrier. Maximal allosensitization indicated by accelerated second-set reactivity was gradually achieved, as a function of the interclonal combination, after 2-8 days of primary contact. Heightened transplantation immunity or memory persists for at least 2-3 wk after contact sensitization.

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