A 20–350 K variable-temperature sample holder with sample interchangeability

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Abstract
A simple design is presented for an ultrahigh-vacuum-compatible sample holder capable of maintaining temperatures between 20 K and ∼350 K. The design involves a copper sample holder (tank) mounted on a closed-cycle He refrigerator. Mechanical, thermal, and electrical contact between the sample and the tank is obtained by melting and resolidifying Ga in a recess in the tank. Temperature regulation is achieved through simultaneous action of the cold stage and a filament heater attached to the tank. This allows in situ sample exchange without compromise of ultimate vacuum or temperature.

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