Substation grounding scale-model tests. Interim report

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Abstract
Energized scale models of HVAC station grounding grids in an electrolytic tank can be used as design tools to determine the performance of the grid during ground fault conditions. This report reviews the instrumentation, modeling and scaling associated with the use of the electrolytic tanks. As a result of this project a technique was developed to use model grids up to approximately 25% of the size of the electrolytic tank with a conducting copper hemisphere as the return electrode. The procedure for constructing multi-layer soil structures with different layer conductivities was developed. Two different sized tanks were constructed and used to collect data from over 40 different grid configurations for uniform soil and for over 30 different combinations of grid configurations and soil structures for two-layer soil. The scale factor was 100:1. Data presented includes tables and graphs indicating the relationship between grid resistance and surface potential (especially mesh and step potential) and the number of meshes, depth of grid, and the number and length of ground rods for uniform soil and two-layer soil with various reflection factors and depths of top layer.

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