The Geomorphology of the Country around Sagar and Katangi, M. P: - An Example of Superimposed Drainage

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Abstract
A study of the geomorphology of the country around Sagar and Katangi, M. P. has led to the conclusion that the present drainage, originating on a plateau of Deccan Trap lavas which once covered the whole area, has been superimposed on the underlying Vindhyan rocks. Around Sagar, with the partial removal of the Trap, a mature topography of hills and valleys carved out of horizontal Vindhyans has been resurrected. As a result the new drainage pattern bears little relation to this pre-Deccan Trap topography. The more powerful streams continued to erode in the courses they were following on the Deccan Trap, cutting gorges through Vindhyan hills; but the weaker streams appear to be adapting their courses to the old Vindhyan topography. To the south-east of Sagar, along the south-eastern margin of the Vindhyan basin, the Vindhyan rocks have been considerably disturbed. A flat, elongated dome has been developed around Jabera, while further south-east sharp folding and faulting have produced long, steeply dipping ridges of Vindhyan, adjacent to the older Bijawar massif. Here also the Deccan Trap drainage is now seen superimposed on the Vindhyans, but there has also been a tendency to develop a radial drainage in the area of the dome, which has been carved into a basin. The origin of typical Deccan Trap scenery, with its horizontal platforms and retreating scarp slopes, is discussed, as also the origin of the waterfall at Rahatgarh. The time of uplift of the Vindhyan rocks, and the period of their folding and denudation in the Jabera-Katangi region, are also briefly alluded to.

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