Nonlinear equilibria of the electron-charged surface of liquid helium

Abstract
The nonlinear equilibria of the electron-charged surface of liquid helium are discussed. The energy density of both the dimple lattice and the stripe-shaped deformation are calculated, and the transition between these two states is discussed. It is also shown that nonlinearity in the surface tension can cause the observed collapse of the dimple for sufficiently large charge densities and external fields.