Theoretical treatment of ferroelectric composites using Monte Carlo calculations

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Abstract
Measurements of ferroelectric composites made from lead zirconate titauate (PZT) ceramic particles and an epoxy resin as matrix have allowed one to establish the constitutional parameters of the composite that characterize the pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties of these materials. The concept of the degree of heterogeneity is introduced to complete the description of these composites, which do not present a defined connectivity. A model is proposed based on consideration of the randomness of the particle distribution in the matrix by using the Monte Carlo method in the calculation of the active volumetric fraction of ceramic. An equivalent circuit of the composites is used to describe their dielectric properties. The model allows one to estimate the effect of the degree of heterogeneity on the properties of the composite. The results of the calculations compare well with the experimental values. Thus the model opens possibilities for the prediction of the properties and design of two‐phase ferroelectric composites made from a randomly disperse phase in a matrix.