Development of an advanced one-dimensional stem heating model for application in surface fires

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Abstract
A new one-dimensional heat conduction model for predicting stem heating during fires is presented. The model makes use of moisture- and temperature-dependent thermal properties for layers of bark and wood. The thermal aspects of the processes of bark swelling, desiccation, and devolatilization are treated in an approximate fashion. An energy balance reveals that simulation with a heat flux input boundary condition requires that these phenomena be accounted for. Previous models have used temperature–time boundary conditions, which prevents them from being used in conjunction with fire behavior models. This model uses a flux–time profile for its boundary condition, making it possible to eventually couple it to fire behavior models. The model was developed and validated with laboratory experiments on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) samples. It is intended that this model be used in conjunction with fire behavior and cell mortality models to make predictions of stem heating related mortality before prescribed burns.