Insulin Resistance and Risk of Congestive Heart Failure

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Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The age-adjusted mortality for patients with CHF is 4 to 8 times that of the general population.1 The predominant causes of heart failure are hypertension and coronary heart disease. Other established risk factors for CHF include left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), valvular heart disease, diabetes, cigarette smoking, obesity, and dyslipidemia.1-4

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