Abstract
During 1980-1986, monitoring of radiomarked wolves (Canis lupus), an observation of copulation and presence of newborn pups indicated that birth occurred during the 2nd week of April in N-central Minnesota. Wolves remained at natal dens for a mean minimum of 25 days before moving to a second site. Individual dens were used up to 6 consecutive years. Dens were either excavated or in hollow logs.

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