Attention to Color: An Analysis of Selection, Controlled Search, and Motor Activation, Using Event‐Related Potentials

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Abstract
In this study the organization of information processing in a selective search task was examined by analyzing event-related potentials. This task consisted of searching for target letters in a relevant (attended) color. The ERPs revealed two different effects of attention: an early occipital negativity (± 150 ms) reflecting feature-specific attention, and a later, central N2b component (± 240 ms) reflecting covert orienting of attention. A later, prolonged negativity (search-related negativity) (± 300 ms), maximal at Cz, was related to controlled search to letters in the attended color. Detection of relevant targets resulted in a parietal P3b component. Depending on stimulus presentation conditions an earlier response to both attended and unattended targets was found: an N2 component (± 250 ms). In these same conditions, C3-C4’ asymmetries (Corrected Motor Asymmetries–CMA) suggested motor activation at ± 300 ms, in the same time range as search-related negativity. It was argued that N2 and CMA suggest the existence of a preattentive target detection system, operating in parallel with a slower serial attentive system, as reflected by N2b and search negativity.

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