Congestive heart failure in broilers, resembling toxic heart degeneration and chick oedema disease

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Abstract
Extract Between November 1972 and February 1973, severe outbreaks of a disease in broilers, characterized by congestive heart failure,, hydropericardium, liver shrinkage, ascites, and sometimes subcutaneous oedema were observed in the North Island. The disease resembled enzootic fatal syncope (toxic heart degeneration) described earlier in laying hens in New Zealand (Fischel, 1946 Fischel, W. E. 1946. Enzootic Fatal Syncope (Toxic Heart Degeneration) in fowls. Aust. vet. J., 22: 144–149. [Google Scholar] ), chick edema disease seen in the U.S.A. (Schmittle et al., 1958 Schmittle, S. C. , Edwards, H.M. and Morris, D. 1958. A disorder of chickens probably due to toxic feed — preliminary report. J. Am. vet. med. Ass., 152: 216–219. [Google Scholar] ; Sanger et al., 1958 Sanger, V. L. , Scott, L. , Hamdy, A. , Gale, C. and Pounden, W. D. 1958. Alimentary toxemia in chickens. J. Am. vat. med. Ass., 33: 172–176. [Google Scholar] ), possible fat intoxication in chickens reported from Britain (Wannop and Chubb, 1961 Wannop, C. C. and Chubb, L. G. 1961. Possible fat intoxication in chickens. Vet. Rec., 75: 586–586. [Google Scholar] ), and alimentary toxaemia or water belly ascites experienced in Australia (Sinkovic, 1961 Sinkovic, B. 1961. Cited by Hungerford (1969) [Google Scholar] ).