Clinical governance in primary care: Accountability for clinical governance: developing collective responsibility for quality in primary care

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Abstract
This is the second in a series of five articles Accountability is at the heart of the concept of clinical governance. Not only must health professionals strive to improve the quality of care, they must also be able to show that they are doing so. The notion of accountability is not new—clinicians have long been accountable to their professional regulatory bodies. However, recent scandals about dangerous practice by doctors have damaged confidence in the current system of peer-led self regulation and raised concerns about the limited accountability of doctors in particular. 1 2 The new requirement for primary care clinicians to be answerable to colleagues in their practice and their primary care group or trust can be seen as one of a range of responses to these concerns and is central to the notion of clinical governance. ![][1] (Credit: LIANE PAYNE) This paper will discuss how the notion of accountability in clinical governance can be understood and operationalised within primary care. It will use the clinical governance work of a London primary care group as a case study to illustrate mechanisms of accountability and will show how there are different forms of accountability between health professionals and others, relating to various aspects of performance. The paper will also consider the barriers to improved accountability and highlight tensions that are likely to arise. #### Summary points Clinical governance will extend primary health care professionals' accountability beyond current forms of legal and professional accountability Clinical governance in primary care is aimed at enhancing the collective responsibility and accountability of professionals in primary care groups or trusts It is mainly concerned with increasing the accountability of primary health professionals to local communities (downwards accountability), the NHS hierarchy (upwards accountability), and their peers (horizontal accountability) Primary care groups and trusts may find that, in addition to encouraging a … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif