Removal of Renal Cell Carcinoma Extending to the Supradiaphragmatic Vena cava with the Aid of Cardiopulmonary Bypass

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Abstract
A woman with renal cell carcinoma confined within Gerota's fascia but extending to the supradiaphragmatic vena cava was successfully treated with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass. The approach was a subcostal chevron incision coupled with a midline sternotomy. The rationale and indications for aggressive surgery of renal cell carcinoma with massive caval extension are discussed.

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