Soft X-ray laser source development and applications experiments at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

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Abstract
Recent progress in experimental laboratory soft X-ray laser research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is reviewed. Research at LLNL in this area has concentrated on further characterising and understanding neon-like X-ray laser plasmas, investigating soft X-ray amplification at shorter wavelengths, and demonstrating examples of X-ray laser applications. For the standard 200 AA neon-like selenium collisional excitation laser, the output source size as well as the beam time history, divergence, energy and spatial profile have been measured. Gain has been demonstrated at wavelengths as short as 50.3 AA in nickel-like ytterbium. Several recombination X-ray laser schemes have also been investigated. X-ray laser holography, cavity operation of an X-ray laser, and the capability to point and focus the output laser beam have been demonstrated.
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