Selective Fetal Malnutrition: the Effect of in Vivo Ethanol Exposure upon in Vitro Placental Uptake of Amino Acids in the Non-Human Primate

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Abstract
Summary: In vitro uptake (45 and 90 minutes) of amino acids, alpha-amino isobutyric (AIB) and valine (VAL), was measured in six placentae from the nonhuman primate, Macacca fascicularis. Three of the pregnant primates were chronically treated with ethanol before and throughout pregnancy (CHR); one during the last trimester only (LT); and two were controls (C). Compared to the C placentae, the LT placenta had significantly decreased uptake only for AIB at 45 min: 33.4 ± 6.8% reduction (mean ± S.E.) (P < 0.05). In contrast, the CHR placentae demonstrated significantly reduced uptake (P < 0.01) for both amino acids at both time points. Percent reduction at 45 and 90 min: AIB, 35.2 ± 6.5% and 32.6 ± 5.6% and VAL, 38.7 ± 2.9% and 22.1 ± 4.1%. The results indicate that chronic in vivo ethanol exposure impairs the in vitro placental uptake of two actively transported amino acids, using an animal with a placenta almost identical to the human.