Identification of 14-3-3 proteins in human platelets: effects of synthetic peptides on protein kinase C activation

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Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins inhibit protein kinase C (PKC) activity in vitro and contain conserved sequences that resemble the pseudosubstrate domain of PKC and the C-terminus of the annexins. In the present study we have identified the isoforms of 14-3-3 in human platelets and used synthetic peptides derived from the regions with similarity to PKC and annexins to examine the potential role of 14-3-3 in regulating platelet PKC activity. Immunoblotting studies with isoform-specific antisera raised against the acetylated peptides corresponding to the N-termini of 14-3-3 showed that these cells express high levels of the β, γ and ζ 14-3-3 isoforms. In addition, low levels of the ε and η 14-3-3 isoforms were detected. In washed, saponin-permeabilized platelets incubated with [γ-32P]ATP, thrombin- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced phosphorylation of several proteins (66, 45, and 20 kDa) was inhibited by preincubation with AS peptide (KNVVGARRSSWRVISSIEQK) based on the pseudosubstrate-like region of the 14-3-3 family. A control peptide of similar size had no effect on PKC-mediated phosphorylation. PMA caused a rapid translocation of PKC activity from the cytosol to the particulate fraction of saponin-permeabilized platelets that was unaffected by either the AS peptide or a peptide derived from the annexin-like 14-3-3 domain (MKGDYYRYLAEVATGDD). These results suggest that isoforms of the 14-3-3 family may play an important physiological role as inhibitors of PKC activity in human platelets but are unlikely to be involved in controlling association of PKC with the membrane.