Abstract
Normal and corti-cally operated rats were trained to find food in 1 of 4 objects in an open field. No difference was found between normal and operated animals in the cues used in orientation. Kinesthesis and olfaction were found unimportant. The rats'' response was more by the general orientation based on auditory and visual room stimuli than it was by the intrinsic visual characteristics of the object. The lower mammals such as the rat may have a visual organization dominated by a perception of spatial relations between objects rather than by the intrinsic properties of the objects.

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