Comparison of the immunological properties of two canine adenoviruses

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Abstract
By means of immunological methods, including neutralization (NT), neutralization-enhancement (NE), hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), as well as immunodiffusion experiments, the two known canine adenoviruses, infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) virus and infectious canine laryngotracheitis (ICL) virus, have been shown to be two distinct serotypes. The relationship between the two viruses was shown to be predominantly one-sided as ICH hexon antisera could neutralize ICL virus infectivity to a much higher extent than the reciprocal cross-reaction. The one-way cross-reaction was also found to involve the fiber components as demonstrated in HI tests with fiber-specific antisera and virions and soluble components as antigens. In contrast, NE tests with fiber-specific antisera were found to be type-specific. A HI test using virion antisera and soluble complete hemagglutinin as antigen was found to be a rapid and specific method for distinguishing between the two virus types. The specificity of this HI test was interpreted to be based on the presence of type-specific antibodies against the vertex capsomere (penton base). Immuno-diffusion precipitin analyses substantiated the data obtained in the preceding experiments, as spur formation in two directions was found when fiber antisera was tested against purified fiber. Precipitin patterns obtained with purified hexon and hexon antisera indicated a unique determinant associated with the ICL hexon, presumably the type specificity detected in the hexon antisera NT tests. On the basis of data obtained in this and previous studies on the relationship of the two canine adenoviruses, it is proposed that ICL virus be officially recognized as a distinct canine adenovirus serotype.

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