Abstract
Chase-Dunn's (1981) recent defense of the world-system approach emphasizes the close relationship between uneven economic development, systemic challenges, and world wars. Working within an alternative perspective on the development of the world-system, Modelski's (1978) long cycle of world leadership theory, leads to markedly different although occasionally overlapping interpretations of the significance of, and circumstances leading to, systemic challenges and global wars. The differences are demonstrated by critically examining Chase-Dunn's generalizations and by proposing counter-arguments and generalizations.

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