Production of β‐defensin‐2 by human colonic epithelial cells induced by Salmonella enteritidis flagella filament structural protein

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Abstract
We recently showed that FliC of Salmonella enteritidis increased human β‐defensin‐2 (hBD‐2) expression, and now describe the signaling responsible pathway. FliC increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]in) in Caco‐2 cells. The [Ca2+]in increase induced by FliC was prevented by U73122 and heparin, but not by chelating extracellular Ca2+ or pertussis toxin. The FliC‐induced increase in hBD‐2 promoter activity via nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) was also inhibited by chelation of intracellular Ca2+ or by U73122. We conclude that FliC increased [Ca2+]in via inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate, which was followed by up‐regulating hBD‐2 mRNA expression via an NF‐κB‐dependent pathway.