THE WORK DONE BY MUSCLES IN RUNNING

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Abstract
The resultant moments of force of the muscles acting about the joints of the limbs, and the rates at which they do work, were detd. for a running step. The limb muscles did work at the rate of 2.61 h.p., divided as follows: Against wind resistance, 0.15 h.p.; fluctuations in total energy of the body, 1.37 h.p.; distr. of energy between the parts of the body, 1.09 h.p. If 2-joint muscles were not present, additional work at the rate of 1.36 h.p. would be necessary. These are minimum values for this particular step, since they do not include the duplicate expenditure of energy involved in the simultaneous action of antagonists. The resultant muscle torques about the various joints and the rates at which they do work in the course of the step are presented graphically.

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