Femtosecond nonlinear single-photon photoelectric emission from tungsten at 248 nm

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Abstract
The sensitivity of photoelectric emission of polycrystalline tungsten, produced by 248 nm laser pulses with 450 fs duration, has been measured. A nonlinear increase of photoemission efficiency, as a function of laser peak intensity, was observed, which confirms earlier observations with gold. This nonlinear behaviour is a direct consequence of non-equilibrium between electron gas and lattice temperatures produced at the surface by the sub-picosecond laser pulses. The nonlinear multiphoton photoemission order k was measured and shown to depend only on the laser intensity absorbed by the tungsten surface.