The growth and activity of winter wheat roots in the field: root growth of high-yielding crops in relation to shoot growth

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Abstract
SUMMARY: Root growth is considered in relation to shoot growth for high-yielding crops of winter wheat grown on three soil types in 1980 and 1981. From the time that nitrogen was applied to anthesis, shoot growth was rapid and effectively linear in relation to thermal time, whereas root growth entered a rapid linear phase after about 500–600 °C days, well before the application of nitrogen. Between double ridges and anthesis, shoots accumulated dry matter 10 times faster than roots on average. The relationship between root and shoot growth was different in the two years, which was probably due to reduced assimilate production in 1981 as a result of the dull, cloudy weather. At anthesis, average root: plant ratios for 1980 and 1981 were 0·132 and 0·093 respectively but no significant differences were caused by sowing dates or sites, despite the presence of a plough-pan on one of the soils.Root:plant ratios declined from about 0·4 in winter and early spring to about 0·1 by anthesis. There was considerable variability in root:plant ratios for different crops during winter and early spring, caused in part by differences in soil-N availability and timing of application of fertilizer nitrogen.

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