Development of a Controlled Drinking Self‐Efficacy Scale and appraising its relation to alcohol dependence

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Abstract
There is no specific self‐efficacy measure that has been developed primarily for problem drinkers seeking a moderation drinking goal. In this article, we report the factor structure of a 20‐item Controlled Drinking Self‐Efficacy Scale (CDSES; Sitharthan et al., 1996; Sitharthan et al., 1997). The results indicate that the CDSES is highly reliable, and the factor analysis using the full sample identified four factors: negative affect, positive mood/social context, frequency of drinking, and consumption quantity. A similar factor structure was obtained for the subsample of men. In contrast, only three factors emerged in the analysis of data on female participants. Compared to women, men had low self‐efficacy to control their drinking in situations relating to positive mood/social context, and subjects with high alcohol dependence had low self‐efficacy for situations relating to negative affect, social situations, and drinking less frequently. The CDSES can be a useful measure in treatment programs providing a moderation drinking goal. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 351–362, 2003.