Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Early Cancers of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

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Abstract
The purpose of this literature review is to examine recent advances in technique and technology of endoscopic mucosal resection of superficial early cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of superficial early cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract is standard technique in Japan and is increasingly used in Western countries. Newer techniques of EMR allow removal of larger lesions en-bloc. These minimally invasive techniques, when applied correctly, allow safe and efficacious treatment in situations that would otherwise require major surgery. Through the establishment of long-term outcomes data, standardization of endoscopic and pathologic reporting, and newer EMR technology and techniques, the future treatment of early cancers in the upper gastrointestinal tract may be achieved primarily through the endoscope.