Isosteric Analogues of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Derived from Furanfurin, Thiophenfurin, and Selenophenfurin as Mammalian Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase (Type I and II) Inhibitors

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Abstract
Dinucleotides TFAD (6), FFAD (7), and SFAD (8), isosteric NAD analogues derived, respectively, from C-nucleosides 5-β-d-ribofuranosylthiophene-3-carboxamide (thiophenfurin, 1), 5-β-d-ribofuranosylfuran-3-carboxamide (furanfurin, 2), and 5-β-d-ribofuranosylselenophene-3-carboxamide (selenophenfurin, 5), were synthesized as human inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) type I and II inhibitors. The synthesis was carried out by imidazole-catalyzed coupling of the 5‘-monophosphate of 1, 2, and 5 with AMP. These dinucleotides, which are also analogues of thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD) and selenazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (SAD), the active metabolites of the oncolytic C-nucleosides 2-β-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide (tiazofurin) and 2-β-d-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide (selenazofurin), were evaluated for their inhibitory potency against recombinant human IMPDH type I and II. The order of inhibitory potency found was SAD > SFAD = TFAD = TAD ≫ FFAD for both enzyme isoforms. No significant difference was found in inhibition of IMPDH type I and II.