The Raymond Pearl memorial lecture, 1990: Nutrition research in human biology: Changing perspectives and interpretations

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Abstract
This paper addresses emerging concepts in the interpretation of anthropometric and dietary data. In the area of anthropometry, it argues the need for conceptualizations and constructs that recognize (1) the existence of a finite age range in which failing to grow is an active process followed by conversion to a state of having failed to grow; (2) the specific and nonspecific nature of anthropometric indices depending upon what is being marked; (3) the implication of secular trends in the interpretation of anthropometry; and (4) the need to move between consideration of individuals and populations. The implications of these for interpretation are illustrated. In the area of interpretation of dietary data, the main issues addressed relate to the conceptualization of needs of individuals and the aggregate needs of a population in the definition, description, and interpretation of “requirements.” In both areas, the core issue is the need for constructs that help address and interpret variability—variability of growth, variability of environmental constraints, variability of intake, and variability of needs and responses.