Is the concept of “control group” valid? A quantitative comparison of behavior of caged baboon groups

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Abstract
Behavioral comparisons between six caged baboon groups indicate that the groups have consistent and similar behavioral attributes. At the same time it is possible to distinguish between classes of animals in each group such as males versus females and high status versus low status rank. Comparable results are obtained in both ANOVA and Kruskal‐Wallis one‐way analysis of variance by ranks. This investigation supports the assumption that baboon groups exhibit behaviors that are both consistent and predictable where environment and group composition are controlled. Thus there appears to be a strong species‐appropriate set of behaviors. Behavioral plasticity and group variability might be due largely to a combination of environmental stimuli and the particular history of that group. Differential individual histories or idiosyncracies do not invalidate experimental designs which rely on randomization to structure control groups.