The effects of dihydropyridine derivatives on force and Ca2+ current in frog skeletal muscle fibres.

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Abstract
1. The effects of dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives on current through the slow Ca2+ channel and on isometric force were investigated in short toe muscle fibres of the frog (Rana temporaria). The experiments were performed under voltage‐clamp conditions with two flexible internal microelectrodes. 2. The non‐chiral DHP derivative nifedipine was used mainly because it allowed control measurements after the inactivation of the drug with UV light. 3. In a TEA sulphate solution containing 4 mM‐free Ca2+, nifedipine (1 microM) caused no relevant alterations in the time course of successive contractures induced by depolarizing steps to 0 mV of 3.5 min duration followed by a restoration time at ‐90 mV of 1.5 min. 4. When external Ca2+ was replaced by Mg2+, nifedipine caused a dose‐dependent shortening of contractures. The effect reached saturation at about 50% of shortening with 1‐5 microM‐nifedipine. In the absence of divalent cations and with Na+ being the only metallic cation in the solution, shortening became more pronounced and maximum force decreased. 5. The application of 2 microM‐nifedipine to a Ca2(+)‐free, Mg2(+)‐containing solution shifted the voltage dependence of force inactivation by 5‐10 mV to more negative potentials. 6. Force activation was facilitated by nifedipine. In the presence of 2 microM‐nifedipine in a Ca2(+)‐containing solution, threshold potentials (rheobase) as negative as ‐75 mV were measured under microscopical observation. UV irradiation shifted the threshold potential back to the normal value of about ‐50 mV. 7. The slow Ca2+ inward current was blocked almost completely by approximately 5 microM‐nifedipine, even when induced from negative holding potentials (‐90 to ‐120 mV), i.e. under conditions where normal phasic contractures could still be observed. 8. Nifedipine (0.8 microM) caused a shift of the voltage dependence of current inactivation (V0.5) by 4 mV from ‐26 to ‐30 mV and at negative holding potentials (‐90 mV), a reduction of maximum current by 35%. 9. The voltage dependence of current activation was not significantly altered by nifedipine (2 microM). 10. It is assumed that nifedipine binds with low affinity to the resting state of the DHP receptor (KD 0.8 microM) and with high affinity (KD 1 nM) to the inactivated and the active state (or to a precursor of this state). These assumptions could explain the relatively small shift of the inactivation curves (points 5 and 8) to more negative potentials and the facilitation of force activation (point 6).