Induction of somatic embryogenesis in carrot by heavy metal ions

Abstract
A new method for the induction of somatic embryos has been demonstrated. Somatic embryos were formed without a visible interventing callus stage when apical tips from 1-week-old seedlings of carrot (Daucus carota cv. US-Harumakigosun) were cultured for 1-3 weeks on Murashige and Skoog''s medium without growth regulators but containing heavy metal chlorides, such as CoCl2, NiCl2, ZnCl2, and CdCl2, and then transferred to Murashige and Skoog''s medium. These results suggest that the stresses caused by these chemicals trigger the induction of somatic embryogenesis in carrot.

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