The orientation of equatorial sandhoppers during the zenithal culmination of the sun

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Abstract
Experiments to investigate orientation in a confined environment were performed in Kenya with the sandhopper Talorchestia martensii (Weber). Releases were carried out under the sun and with an artificial magnetic field (magnetic North deflected to the West), near the equinox when the zenithal distance of the sun was less than 5°. The results clearly show that equatorial sandhoppers use the magnetic compass when astronomical conditions render the sun compass difficult to use.