Traumatic rupture of the aorta and paraplegia

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Abstract
During the past 10 years, 15 traumatic ruptures of the aorta isthmus have been diagnosed. The most likely mechanism is that of a brutal deceleration. Three patients developed a complete mid-thoracic flaccid paraplegia. One died in a few hours of a complete rupture, the second after a few days from renal insufficiency, the third 12 days after, having been operated upon on the same day of the accident. All had associated lesions. Diagnosis can be very difficult in these patients, especially in the first few hours. Paraplegia is here considered as an aggravation ischaemic symptom with anuria and loss of blood circulation in the lower limbs. In delayed cases the vascular mechanism of the infarction of the spinal cord is discussed, either by compression of the intercostal arteries or by direct compression of the aorta itself. In our cases, the most likely mechanism is that of an obstruction of the lumen of the aorta by a torn inner coat. These patients must be transferred as quickly as possible to a cardiovascular surgical unit and operated upon immediately. Three cases of preoperative, rapidly progressive paraplegia with neurological recovery after the operation, have been reported in the literature.

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