Angiogenesis: role of calcium-mediated signal transduction.

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Abstract
During angiogenesis, endothelial cells react to stimulation with finely tuned signaling responses. The role of calcium-regulated signaling in angiogenesis has not been defined. This study investigated the calcium dependency of endothelial cell proliferation and invasion by using an inhibitor of ligand-stimulated calcium influx, CAI (carboxy-amidotriazole). Incubation with CAI significantly inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to serum (IC50 = 1 microM) or basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2; P2 < 0.005 at 10 microM). Statistically significant inhibition of HUVEC adhesion and motility to basement membrane proteins laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen was demonstrated (adhesion, P2 < 0.004-0.01; motility, P2 < 0.009-0.018). Marked inhibition of native and FGF2-induced gelatinase activity was shown by zymogram analysis and was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. CAI inhibited HUVEC tube formation on Matrigel and inhibited in vivo angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, 67% at 20 microM and 56% at 10 microM compared with 16% for an inactive CAI analog or 9% for 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide control. Incubation of HUVECs with CAI and/or FGF2 followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody showed inhibition of FGF2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the range 110-150 kDa. These results suggest that calcium-regulated events are important in native and FGF2-stimulated HUVEC proliferation and invasion, perhaps through regulation of FGF2-induced phosphorylation events, and indicate a role for calcium in the regulation of angiogenesis in vivo.