Abstract
Female heterogamety is described in eight Australian species of Tephritidae belonging to Chrysotrypanea, Tephritis, and three new genera representing the subfamilies Tephritinae and Oedaspinae. Members of other subfamilies are male heterogametic. The occurrence and significance of female heterogamety in other Dipteran families are discussed. Evidence suggests that female heterogamety evolved through small potency changes in a species with either a Y/X or Y/XA type sex determining mechanism (Y- chromosome male determining; X-chromosome and autosomes female determining) which lacked differential regions in the sex chromosomes and elaborate mechanisms for dosage compensation. It is unlikely that the shift could have occurred in a species with an X/A or Drosophila system of sex determination (X-chromosome female determining; autosomes male determining).

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