A Novel Type of Flavonoids: Flavonol Esters from Fern Exudates

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Abstract
Mannose exudates on fronds of Notholaena species are known to consist of navonoid aglycones. These are predominantly methylated flavones and flavonols, sometimes chalcones and dihydrochal-cones. Flavonols with unusual properties, excreted as major farina components by some species, have been found to be derivatives of methylated flavonols, esterified in position 8 with butyric or acetic acids, respectively. These are a novel type of flavonoids. They occur as twin-pairs, some with very great differences in proportions. Their presence in a group of species within the genus has chemotaxonomic implications. Two of the flavonols resulting from hydrolysis are new compounds.

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