Statistical errors associated with probe geometry and turbulence intensity in triple hot-wire anemometry

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Abstract
Triple hot-wire sensors used in highly turbulent flows with unknown flow direction exhibit significant errors due to their limited response to yaw and pitch angles of the instantaneous velocity vector imposed by their individual geometrical characteristics. A stochastic error analysis has been attempted which quantifies the errors arising from these reasons as functions of the turbulence intensity for various hot-wire configurations. The analysis shows that even in the case where the mean flow direction is not known beforehand, mean velocities and turbulence intensities can be measured quite accurately even at a turbulence intensity of 30%. These results agree fairly well with existing experimental data.