Thermodynamic nitration rates of aromatic compounds. Part 2. Linear description of rate profiles for the nitration of aromatic compounds in the range 40–98 wt% sulphuric acid
- 1 January 1984
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2
- No. 7,p. 1163-1166
- https://doi.org/10.1039/p29840001163
Abstract
New studies of nitration in sulphuric acid have been made at high acidities (80–98 wt% H2SO4) where at 90 wt% a maximum occurs in the observed rate constant for aromatic compounds. A new treatment of experimental data is reported which takes into account the effective concentration of solutes and changes in the fArfNO2+/f ratio with acidity, using the Mc function. Compounds nitrating at low and high acidity are tested, and representative examples of the results obtained are given. Experimental evidence points to two significant findings in this study. The variation in the observed rate constants below and above 90 wt% H2SO4 is related to ionization of nitric acid to give NO2 + ions. The new procedure applied to the kinetic data allows us to obtain a linear description of rate profiles for substrates reacting as free bases in the range 40–98 wt% H2SO4.Keywords
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