Entanglement of Pure States for a Single Copy

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Abstract
An optimal local conversion strategy between any two pure states of a bipartite system is presented. It is optimal in that the probability of success is the largest achievable if the parties which share the system, and which can communicate classically, are only allowed to act locally on it. The study of optimal local conversions sheds some light on the entanglement of a single copy of a pure state. We propose a quantification of such an entanglement by means of a finite minimal set of new measures from which the optimal probability of conversion follows.

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