Effects of Concentrated Superphosphate and Potassium Chloride on Residual Available P, K, and Cl in Three Depths of Soil Derived From Calcareous Glacial Till1

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Abstract
There is increasing concern by the general public about possible pollution of the environment resulting from applications of commercial fertilizers. This concern may conflict with the need to apply adequate, but not excessive, fertilizers to obtain optimum and economical production of crops. Thus a long‐term field experiment was designed to determine cumulative effects of applications of 0, 84, 336, and 1,344 kg concentrated superphosphate (CSP) and 0, 67, 268, and 1,072 kg potassium chloride (KCl)/ha on the uptake of P, K, and Cl by plants and on residual available soil P, K, and Cl. Applications of CSP and KCl were made nine times in 10 years to a Honeoye fine sandy loam (Glossoboric Hapludalf, fine loamy, mixed, mesic). Without fertilizer CSP and KCl, more P and K was taken up by vegetables and alfalfa than was measured as available by Morgan's extraction solution in the top 0 to 25 cm of soil. Applications of 84 kg CSP (17.5 kg P) and 268 KCl (140 kg K) per ha nearly equalled the average annual uptake of P and K by the plants over the 10‐year period. Residual available soil P accumulated in the top 0 to 25 cm of soil with the two highest rates of CSP, and available soil K accumulated with the highest rate of KCl. Downward movement of P, K, and Cl into the 24 to 43 cm and 43 to 61 cm depths of soil was measured by Morgan's and 1:1 (soil:water) extractions. In conclusion, P accumulated in the surface soil to a greater extent than K and Cl from fertilizers, while K and especially Cl moved downward in the soil more than P.

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