Small−angle x−ray−scattering study of microstructure of polyvinylchloride

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Abstract
Small−angle x−ray−scattering (SAXS) measurements were made on polyvinylchloride films which were stretched and/or annealed. The SAXS data showed only monotonically decreasing continuous−type scattering which varied according to the time and temperature of thermal treatment and to the amount of film extension. It was concluded from the analysis of these data that annealing and stretching have a relatively small effect on the size of the scattering regions, the major effect being due to the variation in electron density difference between regions. The results were interpreted assuming a two−phase system containing ordered and disordered regions. It was thus concluded that annealing mainly increases the degree of order in those regions which were initially partially ordered, whereas orientation from stretching causes chain alignment and hence partial ordering within the initially disordered regions. This latter conclusion was found to be consistent with the interpretation of the results obtained from infrared dichroism measurements.