The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the health beliefs and infant feeding behaviour of Vietnamese women before and after immigration to Sydney. Findings from 20 in-depth face to face interviews conducted in the women’s homes revealed that infant feeding behaviour was shaped by the women’s beliefs about maternal, infant and family health. Through a process of adaptation these health beliefs had been modified under the influence of the social, cultural, and economic environment of the host country. The findings offer a greater understanding of Vietnamese culture and infant feeding behaviour on which to base nursing intervention programs to promote breast feeding.