The Role of Intraoperative Ultrasound Imaging in the Surgical Removal of Intramedullary Cavernous Angiomas

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Abstract
Five intramedullary cavernous angiomas were surgically removed after being localized by intraoperative ultrasound imaging. Two patients were men, and three were women; in three patients, the symptoms had an acute onset, whereas in the other two, it was gradual. The vascular malformation was localized in the dorsal tract in three patients and in the cervical tract in two. Intraoperative ultrasound imaging visualized the lesion, which appeared hyperechogenous in all cases, and showed its relationship with the surrounding anatomical structures. Surgical removal was always total and was confirmed by both intraoperative echography and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. In our experience, intraoperative ultrasound imaging was useful for localizing intramedullary cavernous angiomas, especially in cases where the lesion did not appear on the posterior surface of the spinal cord. In this way, it was possible to limit posterior myelotomy and confirm radical tumor removal intraoperatively.