Wilms Tumor, Misdiagnosed Preoperatively: A Review of 19 National Wilms Tumor Study I Cases

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Abstract
Making specific diagnoses in children with retroperitoneal tumors is difficult when only excretory urograms are used. Complementary use of excretory urography and ultrasonography should decrease the number of preoperative errors by separating cases of Wilms tumor from those with cystic disease. Hazards are inherent in the use of preoperative irradiation and chemotherapy, since some children with benign disease are likely to receive inappropriate therapy.