Description of a Monsoon Gyre and Its Effects on the Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific during August 1991

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Abstract
This paper describes the character and evolution of the low-level wind, sea level pressure, and satellite-observed cloudiness over the western North Pacific (WNP) during August 1991 when the low-level monsoon circulation there became organized as a monsoon gyre. The specific configuration of the monsoon circulation, which herein is called a monsoon gyre, is an episodic event—occurring roughly once per year, for two or three weeks during July, August, or September. As a monsoon gyre, the low-level circulation of the WNP becomes organized as a large cyclonic vortex associated with a nearly circular 2500-km-wide depression in the contours of the sea level pressure. A cyclonically curved band of deep convective clouds rims the southern through eastern periphery of this large vortex. Once this pattern is established, it becomes a prolific generator of mesoscale vortices that emerge from the downstream end of the major peripheral cloud band. These mesoscale vortices form the seed disturbances for midge... Abstract This paper describes the character and evolution of the low-level wind, sea level pressure, and satellite-observed cloudiness over the western North Pacific (WNP) during August 1991 when the low-level monsoon circulation there became organized as a monsoon gyre. The specific configuration of the monsoon circulation, which herein is called a monsoon gyre, is an episodic event—occurring roughly once per year, for two or three weeks during July, August, or September. As a monsoon gyre, the low-level circulation of the WNP becomes organized as a large cyclonic vortex associated with a nearly circular 2500-km-wide depression in the contours of the sea level pressure. A cyclonically curved band of deep convective clouds rims the southern through eastern periphery of this large vortex. Once this pattern is established, it becomes a prolific generator of mesoscale vortices that emerge from the downstream end of the major peripheral cloud band. These mesoscale vortices form the seed disturbances for midge...

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