Ion Interaction Approach: Theory and Data Correlation

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Abstract
The first objective of this chapter is the accurate, compact, and convenient representation of the experimentally determined properties of electrolyte solutions. The equations must be consistent with the basic principles of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. A second and equally important objective is the prediction of properties of systems not directly measured but related to those measured. This predictive capacity must be based on the underlying statistical mechanical theory. In particular, we shall show that the properties of mixed electrolytes can be predicted with considerable accuracy if the properties of each pure component are known and that the accuracy is further improved if there is some minimum knowledge of simple mixtures of these or similar solutes. The accuracy of these equations is now established for a wide temperature range extending to 300°C or a little higher. Much of this chapter is based on a series of papers by Mayorga, Kim, Silvester, Roy, Bradley, Rogers, Peiper, Busey, Phutela, Simonson, Pabalan, or Yang, and the writer. 1 – 26 In many cases, these papers give details or references in addition to those included below. Also, a recent review (Pitzer 27 ) summarized this work with emphasis on aspects of geochemical interest. These equations are now commonly called the “Pitzer equations”.

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