An Experimental Study of the In-Situ Gelation of Chromium(+ 3)/Polyacrylamide Polymer in Porous Media

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Abstract
Summary: Gelled polymers are being used increasingly as reservoir flow control agents to improve the water-to-oil ratio (WOR) in waterflooding. To date, little has been published in the literature on the in-situ gelation of polymers in porous media. This work was undertaken to study the process of in-situ gelation of a gel system consisting of a polyacrylamide polymer, sodium dichromate, and thiourea. The experiments consisted of continuous injection of gel solutions into 1-ft [0.3-m] unconsolidated sandpacks. Pressure distributions along the flow direction were used to interpret the nature of gelation in the porous media. We found that gelation occurred much earlier than anticipated from beaker tests where gel solutions were under conditions of no shear-e.g., a gel solution with a nominal 10-day gel time in a beaker gelled in 85 hours in a porous-medium run. Shear was considered one of the major factors affecting the in-situ gelation rate, and we determined that gelation times decreased with increasing in-situ shear rates. Under the same in-situ shear rate, the in-situ gelation times were approximately equal in sandpacks prepared from different grain sizes. The order in which in-situ gelation occurred along the flow direction indicated that the shear history affected gelation time. Effluents from displacements with gel solutions were analyzed to evaluate die change in the properties of a gel solution as it moved through the porous media. The chemical analysis indicated that the retention of polymer was marked after the in-situ gelation developed.